How to Create A Snake Game Using Python ?

 

Step 1: Install Pygame

First, you need to install the Pygame library. You can install it using pip:

bash
pip install pygame

Step 2: Set Up the Game Environment

Create a new Python file named snake_game.py and import the necessary modules.

Step 3: Initialize Pygame and Set Up the Game Window

python
import pygame
import time
import random

pygame.init()

# Set up display
WIDTH, HEIGHT = 640, 480
win = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("Snake Game")

# Colors
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
RED = (213, 50, 80)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE = (50, 153, 213)

# Snake settings
SNAKE_BLOCK = 10
SNAKE_SPEED = 15

# Font settings
font_style = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 50)
score_font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 35)

Step 4: Define Utility Functions

Add functions to display the score, draw the snake, and display messages on the screen.

python
def our_snake(snake_block, snake_list):
    for x in snake_list:
        pygame.draw.rect(win, GREEN, [x[0], x[1], snake_block, snake_block])

def message(msg, color):
    mesg = font_style.render(msg, True, color)
    win.blit(mesg, [WIDTH / 6, HEIGHT / 3])

def display_score(score):
    value = score_font.render("Your Score: " + str(score), True, WHITE)
    win.blit(value, [0, 0])

Step 5: Define the Main Game Loop

Create the main game loop that handles game events, updates the game state, and renders the game.

python
def gameLoop():
    game_over = False
    game_close = False

    x1 = WIDTH / 2
    y1 = HEIGHT / 2

    x1_change = 0
    y1_change = 0

    snake_List = []
    Length_of_snake = 1

    foodx = round(random.randrange(0, WIDTH - SNAKE_BLOCK) / 10.0) * 10.0
    foody = round(random.randrange(0, HEIGHT - SNAKE_BLOCK) / 10.0) * 10.0

    clock = pygame.time.Clock()

    while not game_over:

        while game_close:
            win.fill(BLACK)
            message("You Lost! Press Q-Quit or C-Play Again", RED)
            display_score(Length_of_snake - 1)
            pygame.display.update()

            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                    if event.key == pygame.K_q:
                        game_over = True
                        game_close = False
                    if event.key == pygame.K_c:
                        gameLoop()

        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                game_over = True
            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                    x1_change = -SNAKE_BLOCK
                    y1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    x1_change = SNAKE_BLOCK
                    y1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                    y1_change = -SNAKE_BLOCK
                    x1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                    y1_change = SNAKE_BLOCK
                    x1_change = 0

        if x1 >= WIDTH or x1 < 0 or y1 >= HEIGHT or y1 < 0:
            game_close = True
        x1 += x1_change
        y1 += y1_change
        win.fill(BLUE)
        pygame.draw.rect(win, RED, [foodx, foody, SNAKE_BLOCK, SNAKE_BLOCK])
        snake_Head = []
        snake_Head.append(x1)
        snake_Head.append(y1)
        snake_List.append(snake_Head)
        if len(snake_List) > Length_of_snake:
            del snake_List[0]

        for x in snake_List[:-1]:
            if x == snake_Head:
                game_close = True

        our_snake(SNAKE_BLOCK, snake_List)
        display_score(Length_of_snake - 1)

        pygame.display.update()

        if x1 == foodx and y1 == foody:
            foodx = round(random.randrange(0, WIDTH - SNAKE_BLOCK) / 10.0) * 10.0
            foody = round(random.randrange(0, HEIGHT - SNAKE_BLOCK) / 10.0) * 10.0
            Length_of_snake += 1

        clock.tick(SNAKE_SPEED)

    pygame.quit()
    quit()

gameLoop()

Explanation of the Code

1. Initialization: We initialize Pygame and set up the game window, colors, snake settings, and font settings.
2. Utility Functions:
   • our_snake: Draws the snake on the screen.
   • message: Displays a message on the screen.
   • display_score: Displays the current score.
3. Main Game Loop (gameLoop):
• Initializes game state variables.
• Handles game over and game close states.
• Processes user input for snake movement.
• Updates the game state (snake position, food position, score).
• Renders the game (draws the snake, food, and score).
• Handles game over conditions (snake hitting the wall or itself).
• Keeps the game running at a constant speed using the clock.

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